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The Milky Way galaxy is composed of millions of stars in a relatively flat structure containing a thin disk and a thick disk. Based on computer simulations and analysis of data on the brightness, position, and chemical composition of about 250,000 stars in the thick disk (collected from two telescopes, one in China and one orbiting in space), astrophysicists Maosheng Xiang and Hans-Walter Rix claim that the thick disk of the Milky Way formed in two distinct phases rather than a single one.
Which finding, if true, would most directly support the researchers' claim?
The telescopes used by the researchers have detected stars of similar ages in galaxies other than the Milky Way.
There's an age difference of about 2 billion years between certain stars in the thick disk.
The thin disk contains about twice as many stars that can be seen from Earth as the thick disk does.
The stars in the Milky Way tend to have very similar chemical compositions.
Astronomers investigated the Arabia Terra region of Mars because it appears to contain irregularly shaped craters that may have been caused by massive volcanic explosions. In their investigations of Arabia Terra, the researchers found remnants of ash deposits in an amount and thickness that would result from a massive volcanic eruption. However, erosion and past resurfacing events could have modified the surface of the planet. Therefore, ________
Which choice most logically completes the text?
the current makeup of the Arabia Terra region might not accurately reflect the volcanic activity of Mars's past.
eruptions from Mars's volcanoes were likely not as massive as astronomers previously believed.
ash was most likely expelled from multiple different volcanoes on Mars's surface.
the craters found in the Arabia Terra region were necessarily created by events other than volcanic eruptions.
In a study of new technology adoption, Davit Marikyan et al. examined negative disconfirmation (which occurs when experiences fall short of one's expectations) to determine whether it could lead to positive outcomes for users. The team focused on established users of "smart home" technology, which presents inherent utilization challenges but tends to attract users with high expectations, often leading to feelings of dissonance. The researchers found that many users employed cognitive mechanisms to mitigate those feelings, ultimately reversing their initial sense of disappointment.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
Research suggests that most users of smart home technology will not achieve a feeling of satisfaction given the utilization challenges of such technology.
Although most smart home technology is aimed at meeting or exceeding users' high expectations, those expectations in general remain poorly understood.
Research suggests that users with high expectations for a new technology can feel content with that technology even after experiencing negative disconfirmation.
Although negative disconfirmation has often been studied, little is known about the cognitive mechanisms shaping users' reactions to it in the context of new technology adoption.
The ancient Sumerian civilization formed around 4000 BCE between two large rivers in an area that is now Iraq and Syria. The extremely hot and sunny weather in that area helped crops grow very quickly, but it also made it hard to keep the crops from drying up and dying. So, the Sumerians used water from the rivers in their farming. That method worked so well that they often could harvest even more crops than they needed in a season. As a result, the Sumerians ________
Which choice most logically completes the text?
harvested crops only on the hottest days of each season.
found ways to shield their crops from the sun.
did not begin farming until long after 4000 BCE.
were able to store extra crops for later use.
Compiled in the late 1500s largely through the efforts of Indigenous scribes, Cantares Mexicanos is the most important collection of poetry in Classical Nahuatl, the principal language of the Aztec Empire. The poems portray Aztec society before the occupation of the empire by the army of Spain, and marginal notes in Cantares Mexicanos indicate that much of the collection's content predates the initial invasion. Nonetheless, some of the poems contain inarguable references to beliefs and customs common in Spain during this era. Thus, some scholars have concluded that ________
Which choice most logically completes the text?
while its content largely predates the invasion, Cantares Mexicanos also contains additions made after the invasion.
although those who compiled Cantares Mexicanos were fluent in Nahuattl, they had limited knowledge of the Spanish language.
before the invasion by Spain, the poets of the Aztec Empire borrowed from the literary traditions of other societies.
the references to beliefs and customs in Spain should be attributed to a coincidental resemblance between the societies of Spain and the Aztec Empire.
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