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A team of biologists led by Jae-Hoon Jung, Antonio D. Barbosa, and Stephanie Hutin investigated the mechanism that allows Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) plants to accelerate flowering at high temperatures. They replaced the protein ELF3 in the plants with a similar protein found in another species (stiff brome) that, unlike A. thaliana, displays no acceleration in flowering with increased temperature. A comparison of unmodified A. thaliana plants with the altered plants showed no difference in flowering at 22° Celsius, but at 27° Celsius, the unmodified plants exhibited accelerated flowering while the altered ones did not, which suggests that
Which choice most logically completes the text? ______
temperature-sensitive accelerated flowering is unique to A. thaliana.
A. thaliana increases ELF3 production as temperatures rise.
ELF3 enables A. thaliana to respond to increased temperatures.
temperatures of at least 22° Celsius are required for A. thaliana to flower.
A heliograph is a semaphore device used for sending optical communications--usually in the form of Morse code--by reflecting flashes of sunlight off a mirror. Heliographs were used for rapid communication across expansive distances for military, surveying, and forestry purposes during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, but they were largely effective only during the daytime, and the range of the device depended on factors such as the opacity of the air and line of sight. Therefore, heliographs were eventually replaced by technology that _______
Which choice most logically completes the text?
worked on similar principles but was easier to produce and maintain.
was not so constrained by environmental circumstances.
could be used for more than military, surveying, or forestry purposes.
enabled communication that didn't require knowledge of Morse code.
The recovery of a 1,000-year-old Chinese shipw in the Java Sea near present-day Indonesia has yielded a treasure trove of artifacts, including thousands of small ceramic bowls. Using a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer tool, Lisa Niziolek and her team were able to detect the chemical composition of these bowls without damaging them. By comparing the chemical signatures of the bowls with those of the materials still at old Chinese kiln sites, Niziolek and her team can pinpoint which Chinese kilns likely produced the ceramic bowls.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
Because of a new technology, researchers can locate and recover more shipwcks than they could in the past.
Researchers have been able to identify the location of a number of Chinese kilns in operation 1,000 years ago.
With the help of a special tool, researchers have determined the likely origin of bowls recovered from a shipwck.
Before the invention of portable X-ray fluorescence, researchers needed to take a small piece out of an artifact to analyze its components.
Electra is a circa 420-410 BCE play by Sophocles, translated in 1870 by R.C. Jebb. Electra, who is in mourning for her dead father and her long-absent brother, is aware of the intensity of her grief but believes it to be justified: _______
Which quotation from Electra most effectively illustrates the claim?
"O thou pure sunlight, and thou air, earth's canopy, how often have ye heard the strains of my lament, the wild blows, dealt against this bleeding breast, when dark night fails!"
"Send to me my brother; for I have no more the strength to bear up alone against the load of grief that weighs me down."
"I know my own passion, it escapes me not; but, seeing that the causes are so dire, will never curb these frenzied plaints, while life is in me."
"But never will I cease from dire and sore lament, while I look on the trembling rays of the bright stars, or on this light of day."
Martin Dancak, Wewin Tijasmanto, and colleagues have identified a new carnivorous plant species (Nepenthes pudica) in Indonesia. Like other carnivorous plants, N. pudica has pitfall traps, or pitchers, that capture prey, but unlike others, the pitchers of N. pudica are located underground. The researchers unearthed the new species on fairly dry ridges with surfaces that host few other plants and animals. Therefore, the researchers hypothesize that the N. pudica species likely ________
Which choice most logically completes the text?
represents one of many undiscovered carnivorous plant species in the region.
formed pitchers early in development to absorb more moisture.
is buried by nearby animals as they forage along the ridges for food.
evolved to have underground traps to access more prey than would surface traps.
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