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Kinetic molecular model:
1. Kinetic molecular model explains the three states of matter assuming that
- matter is made up of particles called molecules.
- the molecules remain in continuous motion.
- molecules attract each other.
Plasma:
At very high temperatures, the collision between atoms and molecules tears off their electrons. Atoms become positive ions. This ionic state of matter is called the plasma-the fourth state of matter.
Density:
Density is the ratio of mass to volume of a substance. The density of water is
$1000 kgm^{-3}$.
Pressure:
Pressure is the normal force acting per unit area. Its SI unit is $Nm ^{-2}$ or pascal (Pa).
Barometer:
The instruments that measure atmospheric pressure are called barometers.
Pascal's law:
Liquids transmit pressure equally in all directions. This is called Pascal's law.
Archimedes principle:
When a body is immersed wholly or partially in a liquid, it loses its weight equal to the weight of the liquid displaced. This is known as the Archimedes principle.
Elasticity:
The property of matter by which matter resists any force which tries to change its length, shape, or volume is called elasticity.
Stress:
Stress is the deforming force acting per unit area.
Tensile strain:
The ratio of change of length to the original length is called tensile strain.
Young's modulus:
The ratio between stress and tensile strain is called Young's modulus.