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Oct 12, 2022

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Acceleration:

Definition

The rate of change of velocity of a body is called acceleration.

Artificial satellites:

Definition

Man made objects moving in fixed circular orbits around the Earth.

Atomic Physics:

Definition

The branch of Physics that deals with the study of the structure and properties of atoms

Axis of rotation:

Definition

A straight line passing through the points of a rotating rigid body while the other points of the body move in circles about the axis.

Base quantity

Definition

A quantity which can be expressed independently without the reference of any other quantity.

Base unit:

Definition

The units that describe base quantities.

Buoyant force:

Definition

The force acting on an object due to buoyancy of a liquid.

Centre of gravity:

Definition

The point of a body where its weight acts.

Centre of mass:

Definition

A point where an applied force causes the system to move without rotation.

Centripetal acceleration:

Definition

Accelereation produced by the centripetal force.

Coefficient of linear expansion:

Definition

Change in unit length caused by unit kelvin change in temperature.

Centrifugal force:

Definition

According to Newton's third law of motion, there exists a   reaction to the centripetal force. The centripetal reaction that pulls the string outward is sometimes called the centrifugal force.

Centripetal force: 

Definition

The force which keeps the body moving in a circular path is called the centripetal force and is given by:

$F_{c}=\frac{mv^{2}}{r}$

Circular motion:

Definition

The motion of a body moving along a circular path is called circular motion. 

Coefficient of volume expansion

Definition

Change in unit volume caused by unit kelvin change in temperature.

Components of a force:

Definition
Some forces when added give the resultant force

Conduction:

Definition

Transfer of heat due to interaction of electrons or molecules.

Convection:

Definition

Transfer of heat by actual movement of molecules from a hot place to a cold place is known as convection.

Couple:

Definition

When two equal and unlike parallel forces act at different points of a body they constitute a couple.

Deceleration:

Definition

Negative acceleration.

Density:

Definition

Density is the ratio of mass to volume of a substance. The density of water is 
$1000 kgm^{-3}$. 

Derived quantity:

Definition

Such quantity which is expressed with reference to base quantities.

Derived units:

Definition

The units used to measure derived quantities.

Displacement:

Definition

The shortest distance between two points.

Distance:

Definition

Length of a path between two points.

Dynamics:

Definition

Study of motion of bodies under the action of forces.

Efficiency:

Definition

The ratio of the useful work done by a device or machine to the total energy taken up by it is called its efficiency.

Effort arm:

Definition

The intermediate distance between fulcrum and effort.

Effort moment:

Definition

Product of effort and effort arm.

Effort:

Definition

Force applied on the machine.

Elastic potential energy:

Definition

Energy of a compressed or strtched spring.

Elasticity modulus:

Definition

Ratio of stress and strain.

Elasticity: 

Definition

The property of matter by which matter resists any force which tries to change its length, shape, or volume is called elasticity.

Electromagnetism:

Definition

The branch of physics deals with the study of the charges at rest and in motion, their effects, and their relationship with magnetism.

Force of gravitation:

Definition

The force due to which everybody in the universe attracts every other body.

Equilibrium:

Definition

A state where acceleration of a body is zero.

Evaporation:

Definition

The changing of a liquid into vapors from the surface of the liquid without heating it.

Field force:

Definition

The gravitational pull of the Earth acts on the body whether the body is in contact with the Earth or not.

Force of gravitation:

Definition

The force due to which everybody in the universe attracts every other body.

Force:

Definition

The agent that changes or tends to change the state of a body.

Fulcrum:

Definition

The point around which earth revolves.

Geophysics:

Definition

The branch of physics deals with the study of the internal structure of the Erath and tectonic plate motions etc.

Gravitational acceleration:

Definition

Acceleration is due to the gravity of the Earth.

Gravitational field strength:

Definition

The gravitational force per unit mass.

Gravitational field:

Definition

The field is a region in space in which a particle would experience a gravitational force.

Gravitational force:

Definition

Mutual force of attraction between the objects.

Gravitational potential energy: 

Definition

Energy of a body due to its position in the gravitatinal field.

Heat capacity:

Definition

The quantity of thermal energy absorbed by a body for increase in its temperature.

Heat:

Definition

The branch of physics deals with the nature of heat modes of transfer of heat and effects of heat.

Horizontal component:

Definition

The component of a force is along horizontal or x-direction.

Inertia:

Definition

The characteristic of a body resists any change in its state of rest or motion.

Input:

Definition

A work which is done on the machine.

Internal energy:

Definition

The sum of K.E and P.E is associated with the atoms, molecules, and particles of a body.

Isolated system:

Definition

A group of interacting bodies on which no force is acting.

Joule:

Definition

The amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through one meter in the direction of the force.

Kilowatt-hour:

Definition

Work done in one hour at a rate of one kilowatt.

Kinematics:

Definition

Study of motion of bodies without taking into consideration the mass and forces.

Kinetic energy:

Definition

The energy of a body is due to its motion.

Kinetic friction:

Definition

Friction during motion.

Latent heat of fusion:

Definition

The heat required by a unit mass of a substance at its melting point to change it from a solid state to a liquid state is called the latent heat of fusion.

Latent heat of vaporization:

Definition

The quantity of heat required by the unit mass of a liquid at a certain constant temperature to change its state completely from a liquid into a gas is called the latent heat of vaporization.

Light year:

Definition

The unit of distance for celestial bodies equal to $9.46 \times 10^{16}$ m 

Light:

Definition

The branch of physics deals with the physical aspects of light and its properties: working and uses of optical instruments.

Like parallel forces:

Definition
Forces acting along parallel lines in the same direction.
 

Limiting friction:

Definition

The maximum value of static function.

Line of action of a force:

Definition
The line along which a force acts.
 

Linear motion:

Definition

The motion of a body along a straight line.

Load arm:

Definition

The intermediate distance between fulcrum and load.

Load moment:

Definition

Product of load and load arm.

Load:

Definition

Resistance or lifted weight.

Mass:

Definition

The characteristic of a body determines the acceleration produced by the application of a force.

Mechanical advantage:

Definition

Ratio of load and effort.

Mechanics:

Definition

The branch of physics deals with the motion of objects, causes, and effects of motion.

Moment arm:

Definition

The perpendicular distance between the axis of rotation and the line of action of the force.

Momentum:

Definition

The product of mass and velocity of a body.

Motion:

Definition

If a body changes its position with respect to its surroundings.

Negative vector:

Definition

A vector which has the same magnitude but opposite direction of another vector.

Neutral equilibrium:

Definition

The condition of a body in which its center of gravity neither rises nor becomes lower than its original position after being disturbed.

Nuclear physics:

Definition

The branch of physics deals with the [properties and behavior of nuclei and the particles within the nuclei.

Orbital velocity:

Definition

The critical velocity of a satellite to keep on moving around the Earth at a specific height.

Output:

Definition

A work which is done by the machine.

Parallel force:

Definition

The forces which are parallel to each other.

Perpendicular components:

Definition

The components of a force are mutually perpendicular to each other.

Physical quantities:

Definition

All measureable quantities.

Plasma Physics:

Definition

The branch of physics deals with the study of production, and properties of the ionic state of the matter-the fourth state of matter.

Position:

Definition

Position means the location of a certain place or object from a reference point.

Physics:

Definition

Physics is a branch of science that deals with matter, energy and their relationship.

Potential energy:

Definition

The energy possessed by a body due to its position.

Power: 

Definition

Power is defined as the rate of doing work. 

Prefixes:

Definition

The words or letters added before a unit and stand for the multiples or sub-multiples of that unit are known as prefixes. For example, kilo, mega, million, micro, etc.

Pressure:

Definition

Pressure is the normal force acting per unit area. Its SI unit is $Nm ^{-2}$ or pascal (Pa). 

Radiation:

Definition

Transfer of heat by infra-red radiators requires no medium for their transmission.

Random motion:

Definition

Motion without any consideration of time and direction.

Rate of flow of heat:

Definition

The amount of heat that flows in unit time.

Resolution of a force:

Definition

Splitting up of a force into its components

Rest:

Definition

If a body does not change its position with respect to its surroundings.concerning

Resultant force: 

Definition

The sum of two or more forces is called the resultant force.

Retardation:

Definition

Negative acceleration.

Rolling Friction: 

Definition

Rolling friction is the force of friction between a rolling body and a surface over which it rolls. Rolling friction is lesser than the sliding friction.

Rotatory friction:

Definition

The motion in which a body moves around an axis passing through it.

Scalars

Definition

Physical quantities which are described by their magnitude only are known as scalars. 

Scientific method:

Definition

Logical applications of arguments that explain a certain phenomenon.

Scientific notation:

Definition

The numbers are written as power or prefix of ten in which there is only one non-zero number before the decimal.

Simple machine:

Definition

A thing which helps in doing work more easily.

Significant figures: 

Definition

All the accurately known digits and the first doubtful digit in an expression are called significant figures. It reflects the precision of a measured value of a physical quantity.

Sliding friction:

Definition

The friction between two surfaces sliding against each other.

Sound:

Definition

The branch of physics deals with the physical aspects of sound waves.

Specific heat capacity:

Definition

The quantity of heat changes the temperature of one kilogram of mass by 1 K.

Speed

Definition

The distance traveled in any direction by a boy in unit time is called speed.

stability:

Definition

The property of a body that does not undergo any change without the application of an external agency.

Stable Equilibrium:

Definition

The condition of a body in which it comes to its original position after being disturbed.

Static friction:

Definition

The force of friction arises due to an applied external force before motion.

Strain:

Definition

The change in the shape of an object under the action of an external force.

Stress: 

Definition

Stress is the deforming force acting per unit area.

Surface tension:

Definition

The force acts along the surface of a liquid.

Temperature:

Definition

The temperature of a body is the degree of hotness or coldness of the body.

Tensile strain: 

Definition

The ratio of change of length to the original length is called tensile strain.

Tension:

Definition

The force acting along a string.

Thermal conductivity: 

Definition

The rate of flow of heat across the opposite faces of a meter cube maintained at a difference of 1 K is called the thermal conductivity of the material of the cube.

Thermometers: 

Definition

Thermometers are made to measure the temperature of a body of places

Trigonometric ratios:

Definition

The ratios of the slides of a right-angled triangle.

Translatory motion:

Definition

The motion of a body when it moves along a line without rotation.

Thermal equilibrium

Definition

The property of a system is when all parts of the system have the same temperature along with its surrounding.

Torque:

Definition

The capacity of a force to rotate a body.

Uniform acceleration: 

Definition

A body has uniform acceleration if it has equal changes in its velocity in equal intervals of time, however small the interval may be.

Uniform speed: 

Definition

If the speed of a body does not change with time then its speed is uniform.

Uniform velocity: 

Definition

If a body covers equal displacements in equal intervals of time, however small the interval may be, then its velocity is said to be uniform.

Unlike parallel forces:

Definition

Forces that are parallel but have direction opposite to each other.

Unstable equilibrium: 

Definition

If a body does not return to its previous position when set free after a slight tilt is said to be in unstable equilibrium.

Vectors: 

Definition

Physical quantities which are described by their magnitude and direction are known as vectors.

Velocity: 

Definition

We define velocity as the rate of change of displacement or speed in a specific direction.

Vibratory motion:

Definition

The zig-zag motion of the molecules of gases and liquids.

 Watt: 

Definition

1. The power of a body is one watt which is doing work at the rate of one joule per second.

Weight:

Definition

The weight of a body is the force of gravity acting on it. It is a vector quantity. SI unit of weight is Newton (N). 

Work:

Definition
  1. Work is said to be done when a force acting on a body moves it in the direction of the force.
  • Work = FS
  • SI unit of work is the joule (J).

Young's modulus: 

Definition

The ratio between stress and tensile strain is called Young's modulus.